The two-hole excitation spectrum of the t-J ladder at half-filling is studiedusing linked-cluster series expansion methods. A rich spectrum of bound statesemerges, particularly at small $t/J$. Their dispersion relations and coherencelengths are computed, along with the threshold behaviour as the bound statesmerge into the continuum. A class of 4-hole bound states is also studied,leading to the conclusion that phase separation occurs for $t/J \lesssim 0.5$,in agreement with other studies.
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机译：利用链簇级数展开法研究了t-J阶梯半填充时的两孔激发谱。大量的绑定状态出现，尤其是在小$ t / J $时。计算它们的色散关系和相干长度，以及随着绑定状态合并到连续体中的阈值行为。还研究了一类四孔束缚态，得出的结论是，与其他研究一致，对于$ t / J \ lesssim 0.5 $发生相分离。
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